Sunday, August 23, 2020
Saturday, August 22, 2020
The use of Child Labour in a Global Economy
Question: Assessment of the utilization of utilization of youngster work in a worldwide economy utilizing three standards of the Global Business Standard Codex. Answer: Presentation The utilization of youngster work in the field of worldwide economy has been a moral issue of enthusiasm since long. Kid work alludes to the work of kids younger than 14. Despite the fact that the utilization of kid work generally limits to local and rural fields, it isn't extraordinarily found in certain ventures like the clothes enterprises (Wolfe et al., 2002). This report assesses the utilization of kid work in worldwide economy dependent on the three standards of respect, straightforwardness and decency from the Global Business Standard Codex (GBSC). While the focal points and impediments of the utilization of kid work in worldwide economy might be talked about, the moral side of the issue must be investigated too. The reason for GBSC is to offer organizations painstakingly developed direct rules for them to evaluate their set of accepted rules or figure another one. Examination The pride rule underlines on the need of regarding the nobility surprisingly. The standard features the assurance of wellbeing, guaranteeing of security, protection and other human rights, dodging pressure and executing rehearses that expand human improvement at work, commercial center and in the network. The straightforwardness standard arrangements with the business direct being a straightforward one, genuine and open in its dealings, staying away from duplicity and mystery in practices and acts, support of exact records and data exposures on schedule, while obliging to classification and security. The decency guideline is another urgent one since it centers around the reasonable dealings, reasonable rivalries, reasonable treatment of all with non-separation and equivalent chances and practice of reasonable procedures (Paine et al., 2005). As of late, there has been occurrences announced that revealed created western Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) utilizing youngster work in their segments in their creating markets. The fundamental subject of this issue has been generally looked into and talked about is the base period of business and how it is identified with kid work. The assembling units of these MNCs are based generally in Asian nations, where the customers are seemingly holding back with respect to the work of youngster workers in the business. This resilience is less contrasted with the buyers of the created countries. The difficulty rises due to the distinction in the moral practices in the created nations claiming the MNCs and the host nations like India, China, Bangladesh and so on. (Flanagan, 2006). The wide scope of business sectors that the MNCs are presented to in business with settled for the status quo of morals in the host countries they decided to upgrade their organizations represents the danger o f moral penetrating. The principles regularly neglect to meet the interests everything being equal (Gupta et al., 2010). The sets of principles required in the issue of kid work are to be wide instead of seriously prohibitive. The prohibitive implicit rules would not address the main drivers of youngster work in the nations concerned. Rather, it would drive them to increasingly perilous workplaces. The destruction of kid work isn't sensible in the creating economies (Wolfe et al., 2002). In any case, while work of youngsters over the age of 13, now and then, over 12, can be monetarily helpful to the kids and their families, in instances of light and safe workplaces, a few situations are unsafe and injurious to kids. This can unfavorably influence the host nations and calls for genuine mediations (Lieten Nederveen Meerkerk, 2011). The significance of code of morals and implicit rules among the MNCs become increasingly applicable. However, as per Kolk and van Tudler (2002a), the communication between the business and the legislature isn't sufficient to plan adequate set of accepted rules on account of kid work. It requires the inclusion of the considerable number of partners in the concerned issue. The set of principles is generally nation explicit in light of the fact that the worries change in various host countries. An all inclusive set of principles is beyond the realm of imagination if there should be an occurrence of youngster work. The base age prerequisite for business is the most important thing in the implicit rules and decides the particularity of a code. Most direct codes don't make reference to a particular least age, in order to upgrade the comprehensiveness. Further, the observing arrangements and techniques are commonly dubious, and the authorizations that are rigid would help with decaying the circumstance in instances of terminating the kid workers. Each implicit rules ought to unmistakably make reference to the techniques that would be utilized to remunerate the impact assents may have on the host economies since it adds to the risky side of youngster work (Kulk van Tudler, 2002b). Following these examinations, unmistakably a set of accepted rules that is stunningly founded on a code of morals is required in an issue like kid work in the matter of worldwide economy. This is the place the significance of the GBSC standards of nobility, straightforwardness and decency comes in. Youngster work is an issue with colossal factors including political, social, efficient and moral. The created countries claiming the MNCs and their host countries have a lot of rough inconsistencies. The morals of spot incorporates the ethical affectedness and efficient prevalence of created countries that would cause hurt (Hindman Smith, 1999), and this requires the buffering that the nobility standard and decency guideline can offer in the implicit rules. The straightforwardness guideline can guarantee the reasonable treatment of the workers and support greater efficiency with incredible conduct. The straightforwardness rule will offer an agreeable workplace for the representatives, expanded sentiment of strengthening, security and confidence in the framework (Nelson, 2015). This is a significant angle for the smooth working of the ventures and the great connection between the MNCs and their representatives. The companys eventual benefits ought not forfeit the regard and nobility of the workers in question. The pride standard will guarantee that youngsters under the base age required are not misused through kid work with the end goal of cost cutting (Watkins, 2011). End In this manner, the pride standard and reasonableness rule guarantee a sheltered and reasonable workplace for the representatives from the host countries. The set of accepted rules will profit the created nations by an expanded work execution, ending up being beneficial for their undertaking, in the mean time thinking about the representatives and creating economies too. Youngster work, as an unavoidable need in certain economies, whenever completed with morals, can end up being a middle of the road issue. References Flanagan, R. (2006).Globalization and work conditions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gupta, S., Pirsch, J. what's more, Girard, T. (2010). An Empirical Examination of a Multinational Ethical Dilemma: The Issue of Child Labor. Diary of Global Marketing, 23(4), pp.288-305. Hindman, H. what's more, Smith, C. (1999). Diverse morals and the kid work issue. Diary of Business Ethics, 19 (1). Kolk, A., Van Tulder, R. (2002a). Morals in worldwide business: global ways to deal with kid work. Diary of World Business 3 (9). Kolk, A., Van Tulder, R. (2002b). Youngster work and worldwide direct: An examination of universal business and partner codes. Diary of Business Ethics, 3 (6). Lieten, K. Nederveen Meerkerk, E. (2011).Child work's worldwide past, 1650-2000. Bern: Peter Lang. Nelson, M. (2015). The Benefits of Transparency. [online] Vitae, the online profession center point for higher ed. Recovered on 25th May 2016 from https://chroniclevitae.com/news/916-the-benefits-of-straightforwardness Paine, L., Deshpande, R., Margolis, J. what's more, Bettcher, K. (2005). Up to Code: Does you Companys direct fulfill world-Class guidelines. first ed. [ebook] Harvard Business Publishing. Watkins, C. (2011).Child work and sweatshops. Detroit: Gale Cengage Learning. Wolfe, J. also, Dickson, M. (2002). Clothing Manufacturer and Retailer Efforts to Reduce Child Labor: An Ethics of Virtue Perspective on Codes of Conduct. Dress and Textiles Research Journal, 20(4), pp.183-195.
Wednesday, July 15, 2020
Child Abuse Statistics in the United States
Child Abuse Statistics in the United States Relationships Violence and Abuse Print Child Abuse Statistics Although decreasing, child abuse affects 9.2 in every 1,000 kids By Vincent Iannelli, MD facebook Vincent Iannelli, MD, is a board-certified pediatrician and fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Iannelli has cared for children for more than 20 years. Learn about our editorial policy Vincent Iannelli, MD Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on February 04, 2020 Donald Iain Smith / Getty Images More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Although the incidence of child abuse and neglect has been decreasing, at least 678,000 children, or almost 9.2 in every 1,000 children in the United States, were abused in 2018, according to the Childrenâs Bureau.?? Neglect is the most common form of child abuse which affects about 60 percent of child abuse victims.?? Neglect is defined as a parent or guardian fails to provide for their childs basic needs. Forms of neglect include medical, educational, physical, and emotional neglect. Another 10.7% were physically abused; 7% were sexually abused; more than 15% were victims of two or more types of maltreatment. In 2018, roughly 1,770 children died as a result of child abuse or neglect.?? Child Abuse Demographics No group of children is immune from being a victim of child abuse or neglect, although girls are more often the victims than boys. For all other types of abuse and neglect, statistics are about equal for boys and girls. Although children of all ages experience abuse and neglect, it is the youngest children that are the most vulnerable; 26.7 per 1,000 children are victims of child abuse and neglect in their first year of life.?? Children of all races and ethnicities can be victims of child abuse. In 2018, American Indian or Alaska Native children have the highest rate of victimization (15.2 per 1,000 children) and African American children have the second-highest rate (14 per 1,000 children). ?? Children whose parents are unemployed have about two times the rate of child abuse and two to three times the rate of neglect than children with employed parents. Living with their married biological parents places kids at the lowest risk for child abuse and neglect while living with a single parent and a live-in partner increased the risk of abuse and neglect to more than eight times that of other children.?? Reporting Child Abuse and Neglect In 2018, more than half (67.3 percent) of all child abuse cases and reports made to CPS agencies came from professionals who came in contact with the child including teachers, lawyers, police officers, and social workers. Many people in these professions are required by law to report suspected abuse or neglect.?? However, many reports came from non-professional sources, such as parents, other relatives, friends, and neighbors. Anonymous reports accounted for 16.1 percent of all reports.?? It is important for everyone to know the signs of child abuse and how to report it. We all share a responsibility to help keep children safe as we take steps to prevent child abuse from occurring in the first place. The average time for CPS to initiate a response to a report of child abuse is 73 hours, although they might respond to a high-priority case in just 24 hours.??
Thursday, May 21, 2020
My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing - 1866 Words
All nurses have similar rigorous educational backgrounds, but that does not mean that they all have the same method of provide nursing care. Rather each personââ¬â¢s individual perspective and philosophy of nursing is unique to his or hers own values, culture, religion and ethnicity. Throughout this paper I will discuss what I believe nursing is and my philosophy of providing care. Nursing is a world full of complexity whose future lies within human compassion, and this paper will discuss the importance of that. My personal philosophy of nursing is viewed in an abstract perspective, where I believe nursing is a balance between science and art. With nurses as painters, I will discuss how we interact with our canvas, the environment. Afterwards, I will take you to discover the importance of keeping our artistic supply, health, in equilibrium to provide care to others. But, every artist needs inspiration, so I will discuss how people stand as our growing ground. Once the basics of th e painter, the canvas, the artistic supplies, and inspiration have been brought to the spotlight I will discuss how education contributes to patient advocacy. The last aspect of my personal philosophy of nursing will look at how nurses administer accountable, skillful, and responsible care and how we contribute to research. A Nurses Canvas: Abstract Perspective on the Philosophy of Nursing When many of us hear the term ââ¬Ëphilosophyââ¬â¢ we become baffled, for we have definitely heard the word beforeShow MoreRelatedPersonal Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1475 Words à |à 6 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing When one thinks of a nurse they often think of a caring, compassionate, knowledgeable individual. They donââ¬â¢t often think that every nurse comes from different situation, past experiences, and life changing events that make nurses who he or she is. Everyone on this earth is unique and has something to contribute. The same goes for patients. Each patient has a different background and have different interests which make them who they are. In order to give the optimalRead MorePersonal Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1190 Words à |à 5 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing Megan A. Farrell Moberly Area Community College Introduction I, Megan Farrell, am currently a Licensed Practical Nurse at a treatment center that works with prisoners. I accepted a clinical positon here as a graduate, but plan to work in a hospital setting once I have become a Registered Nurse working in the Intensive Care Unit. I quickly worked my way up the latter from the clinic nurse to the Chronic Care nurse and I am quite passionate about furtherRead MoreMy Nursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1093 Words à |à 5 PagesPhilosophy is a distinct disciple on its own right, and all disciplines can claim their own philosophical bases that form guidelines for their goalâ⬠(Meleis, 2012, p. 28). In simpler terms, philosophy is your worldview and thought process of life. Our philosophy transcends into our beliefs and valuesââ¬â¢, examining our philosophy allows us to discover what is important to us and helps define priorities and goals (Meleis, 2012, p.28). Being aware of our philosophy creates individuality in each personRead MoreNursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing932 Words à |à 4 PagesMy Philosophy of Nursing My personal philosophy of nursing began at an early age watching my mother volunteer for 25 years on the local rescue squad, following in the footsteps of her mother. I learned that helping others in a time of need should always be a priority. Respect and dignity should always be shown to people, no matter the who they are or where they are from. I have and will continue to show compassion for others while administering professional holistic care, guided by the AmericanRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1304 Words à |à 6 PagesMy Personal Nursing Philosophy A nursing philosophy is concepts or values that a nurse embraces within his/her practice and allows these concepts and values to shape the way he/she practices nursing and drives the purpose of their nursing care. It is important for each nurse to develop his/her philosophy of nursing to be a purpose driven nurse. Each nurse will have his/her own nurse philosophy because each believes differently. Nursing philosophies might come from different understandings butRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1053 Words à |à 5 PagesThis aforementioned are the podium upon which the value and philosophies of the success of each profession is based. These philosophies and values do not operate in a vacuum. They influence the way which professionals carry out their day to day activities for maximum success. Consequently, Nursing and Nurses are not immune to the great influence of values and philosophies, be it at personal or corporate levels. This is because, nursing as a profession d eals with the constant interaction with patients;Read MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing949 Words à |à 4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing My inspiration to pursue a career in Nursing began at a young age, after reading the biography of Florence Nightingale. I was in middle school, and intrigued at her courage, and dedication to care for the sick. As I entered college, and into a formal nursing education program, I still viewed nursing as, the care provided to another in need. Without my knowing, I was developing a philosophy of nursing for myself. As the years passed, I began to realize that nursingRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1676 Words à |à 7 Pagesfamous philosophies and a personal nursing philosophy is presented, including the personal definitions of the four phenomena of nursing namely person, environment, health, and nursing. The said philosophy will then be compared to other professionally-acclaimed philosophies. Included in the discussion is the importance of a nurseââ¬â¢s role in providing health care to persons, family, and the society and how it is able to address problems in the face of cultural and spiritual differences. Personal PhilosophyRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1081 Words à |à 5 PagesRunning head: PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 1 PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING 6 Personal Philosophy of Nursing Caroline Thiongo BSN V Millers College of Nursing Abstract This paper explores my personal nursing philosophy that I will convey in my career of nursing. It is my belief that nursing is a commitment to public service and a desire to help those in need. Nursing is a discipline of knowledge acquired both through formal education and through life experiences. The sum of these parts continuesRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1330 Words à |à 6 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing The purpose of this essay is to depict the personal philosophy of nursing and any future aspirations I have acquired in my first semester of nursing school. Before I can create my own philosophy of nursing, I must first understand and define what philosophy is and how it relates to nursing. According toà the Oxford Dictionary, philosophy is ââ¬Å"the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic disciplineââ¬
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Summary Of Night By Elie Wiesel - 1542 Words
Keandre Santiago Mr. Roe English 4 CP Book Report Part 1 Title: Night Author: Elie Wiesel Number of pages:120 Where published: Buenos Aires Copyright date:1972 Setting (time and place): Early 1940s, during World War Two, Holocaust era. starting in Sighet, Transylvania, and moving throughout concentration camps in Europe. Type of book: Holocaust autobiography I would describe the main character Eliezer as polluted. His innocence as a child was stolen. his beliefs that were fueled by his curiosity were put in question and stripped from him. He went into the camp with the belief that there could not be a place as bad as people described. As he watched people starving and suffering all around him his whole mind changed. We see him start to think differently and respond to situations differently. His religion was one thing he thought he would never forget but his time in the camp changed him. He began to question the very existence of a God because of the events that unfolded around him. The first setting that is crucial to the storyline is Sighet where we meet Eliezer and his father. The reason this place is so important is because this is the place where you learn how close he and his father are and where you learn how important religion is to him. Both of which shape the story. If he didn t love his father why would he try to help him learn to march instep to help him stop being beat on. Or be so enraged and disgusted when the pipel beat his father. If we didn t find outShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1773 Words à |à 8 PagesNight by Elie Wiesel Chapter Summary and Analysis Chapter 1 Sighet, Hungary Main Character - Elie Wiesel Son Romanian His father is a shopkeeper Has 3 sisters One of them is younger Two of them are older Jewish Scholar of sorts (loves to learn) Hasidic Judaism (super jewish) (with all the tassels and strict rules about eating) Studies the jewish mysticisms What they call the talmud the body of Jewish civil and ceremonial law and legend comprising the Mishnah and the Gemara. There are twoRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1289 Words à |à 6 PagesA Loss in Faith, Ever Found? Night, written by Elie Wiesel, tells the terrifying experience in the concentration camps that many Jews were imprisoned in during World War II. Throughout most of the novel, Elie Wiesel tells about how many prisoners, including himself, lost faith in God. During the Holocaust many groups of people, especially Jews, were taken to concentrations camps and treated in the most inhumane way. Many were taken away from their homes, and lost everything that was once their ownRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1670 Words à |à 7 Pagesa required book to read. My sister in law, whom is a History major, had the privilege of meeting Elie Wieselââ¬â¢s in High School and was lucky enough to receive and autographed version of his book. She told me how emotional is was hearing him talk about his experiences in person, being physically next to someone and hearing them relive their terrible experiences. Night is an autobiography written by Elie Wieselââ¬â¢s about his horrific experienc e as a prisoner in World War II living in a concentration campRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel757 Words à |à 4 PagesAndrew Giacona Dr. Berg EUH 1001-01Z 1 May. 2016 Essay on Night Have you ever had to make an instant decision that would significantly impact your life? I certainly had to make some quick decisions and Iââ¬â¢m sure you as well had to make some impactful choices. This is exactly what Elie Wiesel was forced to do when it came down to a life or death situation. There are 3 decisions that I had come across that I thought would be important if I was in Elieââ¬â¢s position to make a sacrificial or crucial decisionsRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel2168 Words à |à 9 Pageshave tried. That I have tried to keep memory alive, that I have tried to fight those who would forget. Because if we forget, we are guilty, we are accomplices,â⬠Elie Wiesel tells his former self (118). Wiesel has dedicated a majority of his future to fighting against the worldââ¬â¢s silence with lessons such as these found in his memoir, Night. Even after undergoing the mass genocide called the Holocaust and hearing of the experiences from one of the victims himself, the world has fallen into a time ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1045 Words à |à 5 PagesIn the memoir Night by Elie Wiesel, Elie Wiesel is a young boy who struggles to survive after being forced to live in the brutal concentration camp of Auschwitz. In Auschwitz, death and suffering is rampant, but due to compassionate words and actions from others, Elie is able to withstand these severe living conditions and overcome the risk of death in the unforgiving Auschwitz. As shown through the actions and words of characters in Night, compassion, the sympathetic pity for the suffering or misfortuneRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1087 Words à |à 5 PagesNight by Elie Wiesel The aim of this book review is to analyze Night, the autobiographical account of Elie Wieselââ¬â¢s horrifying experiences in the German concentration camps. Wiesel recounted a traumatic time in his life with the goal of never allowing people to forget the tragedy others had to suffer through. A key theme introduced in Night is that these devastating experiences shifted the victim s view of life. By providing a summary, critique, and the credentials of the author Elie Wiesel, thisRead MoreElie Wiesel And Oskar Schindler And Schindlers List768 Words à |à 4 PagesMillions of Jews died in world war 2 millions of innocent lives perished one of the darkest chapters in human history. At Auschwitz alone, more than 2 million Jews were murdered (history.com). To begin, Night published by Elie Wiesel, the summary of night, Jews were being sent to concentration camps to work and be safe during the war. the Jews were tortured and killed by the s.s soldiers. The Jews were liberated by the red army at the end of the war. Secondly, Schindlerââ¬â¢s List Directed by StevenRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel842 Words à |à 4 Pagesthemes of Night and the imagery that the author, Elie Wiesel, uses to create them. The themes we will discuss are identity, silence, and night. !!!About the Book If you were an observant Jew who believed in a loving God, then you and your family were captured by a group of ill-intentioned people, causing the death of your family, what would you think about whether God and humans are good or not? That is the main concern of Eliezer, the main character in Night. Night was writtenRead MoreNight, Schindlers List, and The Diary of Anne Frank Essay1250 Words à |à 5 PagesNight, Schindlers List, and The Diary of Anne Frank The Holocaust was the most horrific time that man has known. To survive this atrocity, the Holocaust victims man upon man atrocity, one had to summon bravery, strength, courage, and wisdom that many did not know they possessed. One survivor is Elie Wiesel, whose exquisite writings have revealed the world of horror suffered by the Jewish people. Elie Wiesels statement, ...to remain silent and indifferent is the greatest sin of all...
Is Lying Under Any Circustances ââ¬ÅRigh or Wrongââ¬Â Free Essays
Based on the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, I would have to disagree with his argument that lying is wrong under any circumstances. In this paper I will discuss my reason for disagreeing with the argument based on the flaw stated in the argument, how lying and telling the truth both have bad consequences depending on the circumstances, and also how moral rules cannot be absolute. In this paragraph I will be discussing the flaw that is stated in the argument, in which I absolutely agree with. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Lying Under Any Circustances ââ¬Å"Righ or Wrongâ⬠or any similar topic only for you Order Now The philosophy that ââ¬Å" Kantâ⬠is stating is completely flawed because it is contradictory on what he base his reasoning on. ââ¬Å" Suppose it was necessary to lie to save someoneââ¬â¢s life. Should you do it? Kant would have us reason as follows: We should do only those actions that conform to rules that we could will to be adopted universally. Second, if you were to lie, you would be following the rule ââ¬Ë It is okay to lie. ââ¬Ë Also this rule could not be adopted universally, because it would be self-defeating: People would stop believing one another, and then it would do no good to lie, therefore, you should not lie. (Immanuel Kant). The problem would show in step two, on why we would be saying if we lied that we would be following a rule that it is okay to lie, when as Anscombe stated if you changed it around to ââ¬Å" I will lie when doing so would save someoneââ¬â¢s life. â⬠That would make that rule not be self-defeating. Ancombeââ¬â¢s argument,shows that in order not to lie completely and prove Kantââ¬â¢s philosophy you have to show where lying would not have a good consequence behind it. But it clearly shows that depending on what you are lying for some lies can help more than hurt.Which leads me into my second point on how lying and telling the truth both has bad consequences. In Kantââ¬â¢s philosophy telling the truth leaves you blameless no matter what the outcome of the truth. And lying leaves you being held responsible for the outcome no matter good or bad. This to me is not a good philosophy because you cannot be blameless if telling the truth gets someone killed, but lying helps save his or her life. Because you had to lie in order to save that personââ¬â¢s life does that make you less heroic? No. To me it shouldnââ¬â¢t matter as long as you did what you had to do to help hat person stay alive. A lie can have harmful consequences you can get someone hurt by lying: and saying that a person did something can get them fired from work. But you can also tell the truth about a person and her actions and still get her fired from work. Both have bad consequences and it doesnââ¬â¢t make that person feel any better about whether the outcome came from lying or telling the truth. And that shows how lies and truths both have bad consequences. A moral rule cannot be absolute to me because we donââ¬â¢t live in a society that makes decisions based on morals. Because there is some circumstances that make it hard to say that when this person lied it doesnââ¬â¢t matter that the outcome helped someone it was just a lie and nothing else matters. That is not the reality of things morally; you cannot let a person die and feel good about yourself just because you told the truth. Making a moral rule absolute would be contradictory to Kants philosophy, tell the truth no matter what; but morally, is it right to let someone that you can help with a lie fall by the waste side?You may have morally told the truth, but you also feel responsible morally no matter how righteous telling the truth may have been. If you ask me if a moral rule was absolute there would be terrible consequences to telling the truth and not lying in certain circumstances. If such dilemmas occur, then doesnââ¬â¢t this disprove the existence of absolute moral rules? Suppose, for example the two rules ââ¬Å" It is wrong to lieâ⬠and ââ¬Å" It is wrong to facilitate the murder of innocent peopleâ⬠are both taken to be absolute?The Dutch fishermen in Kantââ¬â¢s argument would have to do one of these things; therefore, a moral view that absolutely prohibits both is incoherent. (Immanuel Kant) In conclusion I feel that Kants philosophy as I stated in my thesis is flawed and I disagree with it completely. You cannot in my opinion say that as long as you tell the truth no matter what the consequences are would leave you blameless, if when telling a lie would help someone. But just because it is morally wrong to lie it doesnââ¬â¢t matter of that consequence you are still wrong even though lying saved that personââ¬â¢s life.If you ask me it would be morally wrong to let a person die and not do everything in your power to save that person. Which is why I donââ¬â¢t feel like a moral rule should be absolute and why in both circumstances of lying or telling the truth you really never know what outcome you are going to get. It is a choice that you make based on the situation that you are in, and even when telling the truth the outcome can still be bad. Kant had a good argument to me, but as the readings say it was ââ¬Å"limitedâ⬠. Works Cited Rachels, James ( 1941-2003) The Elements of Moral Philosophy How to cite Is Lying Under Any Circustances ââ¬Å"Righ or Wrongâ⬠, Papers
Friday, April 24, 2020
Problem With Fattening Food Essays - Fast Food, Fried Foods
Problem With Fattening Food On a Sunday afternoon, I was getting ready to go out on a date. As I was trying my dress on I notice I didn't fit in it. I tried to close the zipper, but it was useless. I had gained ten pounds from eating Fast Food. I remember when I used to be in thin and athletic, now I am out of shape and trying to loose weight. The problem is the Fast Food that we all eat at a Fast Food restaurant like McDonnald's, Jack In the Box Etc. A serving of Fast Food can contain up to one hundred and ten grams of fat. Eating fast food for breakfast, lunch and dinner can make us gain weight putting our health in danger. One of the main reasons this happens is because Fast Food contains an amount of oil that surpasses the percent daily value that we are require to consume. The oil can rise our cholesterol, gain weight and clog our veins. With in time as we get old, we will have imparities with our heart causing us to have a heart attack. In a fast food restaurant a hamburger is fried in to five gallons of oil. One tablespoon of Crisco oil contains about fourteen grams of fat. It is disturbing to see five gallons of oil frying a slice of meat. Nevertheless, the outcome is a delicious fattening Big Mac with thirty-fou r grams of fat, or a Jack in the Box quarter pounder with 110 grams of fat. So what can we do to avoid eating fast food without putting our health in danger? One solution that was suggested is to stay away from all oily food and steam the food instead of frying it. For instance, one can eat vegetables, rice and steam chicken for dinner. This cuts down tremendously on oil, but not many people are actually willing to eat steam food instead of fried food. Once they are use to eating fried food, it will be hard on the person to get use to eating steam food. There is a big difference in eating fried chicken and steam chicken. The flavor that the oil gives the food cannot be appreciated in the steam food. It won't take long for the person stop eating steam food. True a person can get use to eating steam food, but in this case it usually does not happen. It does not satisfy the eater's taste buds, making this option fail. Another solution that can be affective is eating fried food for one meal and vegetable the rest of the day. It is a wise idea that satisfies the eater and at the same time balancing their diet with vegetables. The only negative side is what they eat for that one meal. This solution can be abolished for the fact that a single meal can surpass the daily value requirements. For instance, when we are supposed to eat less than the percent daily value of sixty-five grams of fat, we eat a Jack in the box quarter pounder hamburger with around one hundred grams of fat. A person is still gaining weight because fast food restaurants don't measure their limitation in the oil they use. This leads to the one true solution. This is to cook and fry our own food and exercise thirty minutes a day. By cooking our own food we are measuring the amount of oil we are going to consume. In this manner we will be able to follow the percent daily value diet. A person is under control on the amount of oil entering their body. For instance we can fried an egg by measuring one tablespoon of oil instead of pouring an unmeasurable amount of oil. Usually we fried and egg approximately five to ten tablespoons. This is very unhealthy and dangerous to our health. Exercising for at least thirty minutes a day, helps the person decrease the chances of gaining more cholesterol in their blood stream and loose weight. By exercising ten minutes it burns about two hundred calories. Exercising more than ten minutes it burns fat and helps clear our clogged veins. It can be criticized that
Tuesday, March 17, 2020
Free Essays on Nike
From 1948 to 1973 Bill Bowerman was the head track coach for The University of Oregon, in Eugene. He was also an Olympian and an Olympic track coach. These were only some of his small steps he had taken towards rewriting to scrip for the new generations of athletes. In 1957, Phil Knight joined the University of Oregon track team as a middle-distance runner. Knight after receiving his degree in accounting from Oregon, he went to Stanford in hopes of an MBA. Soon after Knight graduated from Stanford he took a tour around the world. While traveling, Knight stopped in Japan to contact Onitsuka Tiger Company, who manufactures quality athletic shoes. His hopes were to convince them there were great marketing opportunities for their product in the United States. Knight was able to persuade them to manufacture his athletic shoe by telling Onitsuka Tiger Co. he owns his own company, which he called Blue Ribbon Sports. Now all Knight needed was some help to market and finance the start up cost of the company. In 1962 he returned to Eugene, Oregon, home of his former track coach and at that time still the powerhouse of American track and field. Knight approached Bowerman with a business plan for bringing low-priced, high-technologic, athletic shoes from Japan and marketing it in the U.S. Knightââ¬â¢s hopes were to remove the German domination in the U.S. athletic footwear industry. By early 1963 Bowerman and Knight formed a partnership under Blue Ribbon Sports. After each partner contributed $500 and shook hands, they started importing their Tiger shoes. Their first shipment of 200 shoes from Onitsuka Tiger Co. arrived in December of 1963. Knight, who worked for an accounting firm, used his spare time to promotion and selling the Tiger Shoe. He early distribution efforts were to sell the shoe out of his parentsââ¬â¢ basement and out of the back of his car at local and regional track meets. Pretty soon, shoes from Blue Ribbon S... Free Essays on Nike Free Essays on Nike Do most consumers shop with a ââ¬Å"social conscience?â⬠(Think about it. Are you aware of where the products you purchase are made and under what conditions they are manufactured?) When consumers buy products, without knowledge of their origins, they could easily be breaching their own code of ethics. This is clearly seen in an assortment of industries. Each year hundreds of companies employ foreign labor for low wages and in terrible working conditions. For example, much public attention had been brought to Kathy Lee Gifford and her ââ¬Å"sweatshopsâ⬠overseas, as well as other unfair labor practices in third world countries. One of the greatest participants in this mistreatment of workers is the Nike Corporation. To earn the maximum profit for their products, Nike exploits thousands of workers each year by offering them diminutive wages and the worst conditions to work under. When famous athletes endorse Nike and consumers continue to purchase their products, they only encourage and support these inhumane practices causing them to virtually go unnoticed (Greene, 1998). Last August Donna Greene of the New York Times conducted an interview with Dr. Fredrica Rudell, Associate Professor of Marketing and Chairwoman of the Department of Marketing and International Business at Iona College in New Rochelle, on the subject of shopping with a ââ¬Å"social conscience.â⬠Dr. Rudell, who has chaired the Environmental Concerns Committee of Ionaââ¬â¢s Peace and Justice Program for sixteen years, believes that each time a consumer buys a product he or she casts a ââ¬Å"vote for the company that made the productâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Greene 1998). Dr. Rudell points out that companies respond well to what the consumers have to say, citing the environmental and health movements as examples. The Nike Corporation, unsurprisingly, was mentioned several times during the interview. She criticized their labor practices and pointed out that until the public pressured Nike ... Free Essays on Nike Introduction Timing Nikeââ¬â¢s success can be attributed to the era of ââ¬Å"fitness crazeâ⬠in 80s, when indoor activity like aerobics became enormously popular. There was a revolutionary change in how people perceived about sports. No longer sports were regarded as merely for recreation. Rather, sports are essential in order to live in healthy and productive life. More and more people start to exercise among poplar ones were jogging and aerobics. As result, demand for athlete footwear increased. In 80s, Reebok with their stylish ââ¬Å"FreeStyleâ⬠shoes, specifically for indoor activities, was number one at the time. But, very soon eventually Nike would take over Reebok and become dominant force in athlete footwear and apparel industry. Marketing Strategy Probably the most important marketing strategy( and very successful one) was endorsement of top athletes in every sport. It is this strategy that enable Nike to extend its popularity ââ¬Å"beyond one segment, but in to childrenââ¬â¢s menââ¬â¢s, womenââ¬â¢s and all the levels (cross-training, basketball, etc.)â⬠( Peedin: 3).Endorsement was the primary weapon being used to attain its goals to dominate the market. Nike was pioneer in endorsing famous athletes to promote the products. It was not after proving the effectiveness of endorsement, other companies, such as Reebok, followed the footstep of Nike. First athlete to be endorsed was running star Steve Prefontaine in 1973 . Then came along with Jimmy Connors, tennis star in 1974. And in 1985, Michael Jordan, the most important athlete Nike ever had(Peedin: 3). The strategy was to make connection between products and athletes, not to emphasize the product itself in advertisement. To do so, Weiden & Kennedy, Nikeââ¬â¢s advertising company, applies ââ¬Å"image transferâ⬠(#1). It is a method ââ¬Å"to create a mood, an attitude, and then associate the product with that moodâ⬠. A connection implies that the best athletes prefer Nike products. For example, one c... Free Essays on Nike Nike is in the footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessory products industry. All of Nikeââ¬â¢s chief products are athletically inspired. Its footwear consists of Menââ¬â¢s, Womenââ¬â¢s, and Childrenââ¬â¢s shoes; further subdivided into the following categories: Running, Basketball, and Cross-raining. Nikeââ¬â¢s shoes also address the market for outdoor activities. Its thorough response to these activities has been the introduction of the following shoe designs: tennis, golf, soccer, baseball, football, bicycling, volleyball, wrestling, cheerleading, aquatic activities, street/roller/ice hokey, and hiking. Nike is further addressing new niche markets every year. The principal products used in Nikeââ¬â¢s footwear products are natural and synthetic rubber, plastic compounds, foam cushioning materials, nylon, leather, canvas, and polyurethane films used to make AIR-SOLE cushioning components. The main components used in making Nikeââ¬â¢s apparel products are natural and synthetic fabrics and threads, plastic and metal hardware, and specialized performance fabrics designed to repel rain, retain heat, or efficiently transport body moisture. As of last year, Nikeââ¬â¢s sales revenue was approximately $10.697 billion. The mix of Nikeââ¬â¢s product sales varies considerably due to changes in seasonal and geographic demand for particular types of footwear, equipment and apparel. During fiscal 2003, Nikeââ¬â¢s sales in the U.S. accounted for roughly 49 percent of total revenues as opposed to 51 percent in international markets. Total assets in 2003 were approximately $6.714 billion. This was comprised of cash and equivalents of $634 million, inventories of $1.515 billion, and working capital of $2.665 billion. As of May 31, 2003, Nike employed approximately 23,300 people. It is interesting to note that there has never been a material interruption of operations due to labor disagreements. Nikeââ¬â¢s domestic distribution centers for footwear are loca... Free Essays on Nike Nike In todayââ¬â¢s society, companies are striving for excellence. There are not many companies out there that we can say are excellent. The ones that we say are excellent have become that way because they have succeeded in four different areas, consumer excellence, product development, good promotional planning, and sponsorship. Nike has succeeded in all four areas and has benefited tremendously in their efforts to establish themselves as the top sportswear selling company in the world. Nike designs, develops, and markets high quality footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessory products. Nike is the largest seller of athletic footwear and athletic apparel in the world. They have been around for many years and have developed themselves as the most popular brand name in the sportswear industry. The company sells its products to approximately nineteen-thousand retail accounts in the United States and through a mix of independent distributors and licensees in approximately one hundred and forty countries around the world. Continuing, consumers around the world have become very loyal to Nikeââ¬â¢s products and services. One of the main reasons why Nike has become so successful is because their consumers are extremely loyal and continue purchasing their products year after year. As expected, there are tremendous amounts of people ranging from the ages of five to eighteen purchasing Nike footwear and apparel. What society hasnââ¬â¢t expected is that people also ranging in age from twenty to forty year olds purchase Nike products. Males dominate most of Nike sales because in the past Nike has marketed their products to mainly male athletes. This is overwhelmingly true of course, but what Nike is now trying to do to make things both male and female orientated by intensifying the competition in the womenââ¬â¢s market. They have recently hired Clare Hamil to VP of Womenââ¬â¢s Business and are formatting a new unit to focus on w... Free Essays on Nike Introduction Former University of Oregon track coach and co-founder of Nike Bill Bowerman once said: ââ¬Å"If you have a body, you are an athlete!â⬠(NikeBiz) This way of thinking is how Nike conducts every aspect of their business. Every person is a potential athlete or ââ¬Å"consumerâ⬠. This is a common term when used in the realm of athletics but when Bill Bowerman said this it was in direct reference to the shoe industry. From their marketing strategies to their selling philosophies, Nike has developed one of the most recognizable and demanded name and logo tandems ever. Nike, which is the Greek Goddess of Victory, was born in 1972 when BRS, Blue Ribbon Sports, launched its first branded shoe at the U.S. Olympic track and field trials. A former University of Oregon track team member Phil Knight created Blue Ribbon Sports. At Oregon, Knight was coached by the legendary Bill Bowerman and then went on to become and alumni of the Stanford School of Business. BRS was crafted in 1962 when Knight made a deal with Onitsuka Tiger Company, a Japanese shoe company, to import their shoe to the United States. Knight had the idea to sell a low cost shoe with a very high quality. Knight had high aspirations of taking Adidas out the top spot in the athletic shoe market. In 1964, Bill Bowerman decided to join Knight as a partner at BRS to create a joint quest to be number one. Bowerman redesigned the Tiger shoes while Knight acted as the accountant/personal seller and went on the road to sell their newly crafted sneakers at track meets and local shoe stores. By 1966, Blue Ribbon Sports opened their first store in Portland, Oregon. Knight and Bowerman managed the store with the only other employee being a former Stanford runner Jeff Johnson. (story/chrono, 1) Signing First Endorsers During 1971, BRS caught a break when a trading company called Nissho Iwai introduced BRS to important letters of credit. This credit allowed BRS to subcontract it... Free Essays on NIke From 1948 to 1973 Bill Bowerman was the head track coach for The University of Oregon, in Eugene. He was also an Olympian and an Olympic track coach. These were only some of his small steps he had taken towards rewriting to scrip for the new generations of athletes. In 1957, Phil Knight joined the University of Oregon track team as a middle-distance runner. Knight after receiving his degree in accounting from Oregon, he went to Stanford in hopes of an MBA. Soon after Knight graduated from Stanford he took a tour around the world. While traveling, Knight stopped in Japan to contact Onitsuka Tiger Company, who manufactures quality athletic shoes. His hopes were to convince them there were great marketing opportunities for their product in the United States. Knight was able to persuade them to manufacture his athletic shoe by telling Onitsuka Tiger Co. he owns his own company, which he called Blue Ribbon Sports. Now all Knight needed was some help to market and finance the start up cost of the company. In 1962 he returned to Eugene, Oregon, home of his former track coach and at that time still the powerhouse of American track and field. Knight approached Bowerman with a business plan for bringing low-priced, high-technologic, athletic shoes from Japan and marketing it in the U.S. Knightââ¬â¢s hopes were to remove the German domination in the U.S. athletic footwear industry. By early 1963 Bowerman and Knight formed a partnership under Blue Ribbon Sports. After each partner contributed $500 and shook hands, they started importing their Tiger shoes. Their first shipment of 200 shoes from Onitsuka Tiger Co. arrived in December of 1963. Knight, who worked for an accounting firm, used his spare time to promotion and selling the Tiger Shoe. He early distribution efforts were to sell the shoe out of his parentsââ¬â¢ basement and out of the back of his car at local and regional track meets. Pretty soon, shoes from Blue Ribbon S...
Sunday, March 1, 2020
Nucleation Definition (Chemistry and Physics)
Nucleation Definition (Chemistry and Physics) NucleationDefinition Nucleation is the process where droplets of liquid can condense from a vapor, or bubbles of gas can form in a boiling liquid. Nucleation can also occur in crystal solution to grow new crystals. It is seen in gases when tiny bubbles coalesce into larger ones. In general, nucleation is a self-organizing process that leads to a new thermodynamic phase or a self-assembled structure. Nucleation is affected by the level of impurities in a system, which can provide surfaces to support assembly. In heterogeneous nucleation, organization begins at nucleation points on surfaces. In homogeneous nucleation, organization occurs away from a surface. For example, sugar crystals growing on a string is an example of heterogeneous nucleation. Another example is the crystallization of a snowflake around a dust particle. An example of homogeneous nucleation is growth of crystals in a solution rather than a container wall. Examples of Nucleation Dust and pollutants provide nucleation sites for water vapor in the atmosphere to form clouds.Seed crystals provide nucleation sites for crystal growing.In the Diet Coke and Mentos eruption, the Mentos candies offer nucleation sites for the formation of carbon dioxide bubbles.If you place your finger in a glass of soda, carbon dioxide bubbles will nucleate around it. Carbon dioxide bubbles nucleating on a finger. Arie Melamed-Katz Sources Pruppacher, H. R.; Klett J. D. (1997). Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation.Sear, R.P. (2007). Nucleation: theory and applications to protein solutions and colloidal suspensions (PDF). Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 19 (3): 033101. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/19/3/033101
Friday, February 14, 2020
Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Learning - Essay Example Learning experiences present themselves to people in everyday activities through the things they engage in. We encounter different situations in the course of our daily chores helping us learn without our realization. Once one reflects on the occurrences in his/her past life, one can be able to analyze the learning experiences in his life, and appreciate those moments. Throughout the academic semester, for example, I have been able to learn numerous things which have enriched my life immensely. Though some occurred subconsciously, others were instigated by the class assignments I undertook. The English class has offered me numerous opportunities to improve my life through the learning experience. The exchange of materials written by myself and others has profoundly enhanced my perspective of sharing. Sharing can be used as a way of analyzing oneself to find the strengths and weaknesses that exist. Finding the weaknesses in oneself can be an extremely difficult task to achieve. Throug h the criticism, and comments of other people on can be able to analyze himself or herself in a very objective manner. Objectivity in analyzing oneself reduces the probability of becoming paranoid. Critical analysis of oneself can make an individual substantially appreciate the positive and negative comments made by others concerning ones personality or activity. Throughout the semester, I have been exchanging my articles with other students so that they can present to me their views on the articles. The criticisms I received from my colleagues have been essential in developing my writing ability. New ideas have come to my attention through the reviews offered by friends concerning my writing. I have also been able to offer my reviews of othersââ¬â¢ style of writing. Through reading their articles, I have been able to get their line of thoughts. This has helped develop my own ability to generate ideas presented in articles I normally write. While interviewing one of my friends ca lled Gideon Park, I came across an intriguing issue which he raised. He believed that structures for essays limited the ideas and creativity for a writer. He believed that the writer at high school level should not be limited to the structure of essay, they should be allowed to write about the topic issued without being restricted by the structures. The issues raised by my friend helped open up my mind. I realized that the issues should be addressed comprehensively to achieve improved creativity of writers. The creativity of writers should be utilized by allowing them to write in their own style. This can also create new writing styles in the English comprehension. Development of the English language can be immensely enhanced by the liberalization of writing styles. Through this discussion, I learnt that, at the university level, this restriction to essay structures was minimal (Tomasello, pg 16). Professors showed more liberalization in the marking of English assignments they issue d than teachers in high schools. Writers were allowed to follow a style of their own liking as long as they handled the topic comprehensively. Professors mark the quality of writing and not the structure as it was the case in high schools. I have been able to interact with people from different places in the world and learn their ways of life. I have realized that the American culture does not only comprise of American. The culture can be termed as a global one since there are extremely many people living in America who are not natives in the country. The effects of increased immigration and emigration have caused people to interact and share cultures. I have been able to learn that the outcome of these interactions has been the phenomenon described as globalization (Bhagwati, pg 156). The effects
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Environment assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Environment assignment 2 - Essay Example This would greatly reduce the ability of many firms in Botswana to achieve their goals, ultimately leading to lower GDP and increased poverty. d) Western governments can integrate HIV/AIDS in funding proposals so that they the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) can use these monies to boost their internal efforts in combating the spread and negative impact of AIDS. In addition to this the developed world could sponsor building of capacity in health institutions through training health practitioners on modern ways of tackling pandemics, overcoming stigma and promotion of safe sex campaigns. Giving money alone to LDCs without the necessary human capacity to manage it well would be ineffective. Question 2 According to Kriebel et al. (2001) the precautionary principle consist of four central components: taking preventive action in the face of uncertainty; shifting the burden of proof to the proponents of an activity; exploring a wide range of alternatives to possibly harmful actions; and increasing public participation in decision making. With this in mind, we agree that should one wish to introduce a new chemical or a new industrial process, he or she must demonstrate that their change will not harm the environment before proceeding. For starters, as it is now evident to the world, the pace of efforts to combat problems such as climate change, ecosystem degradation, and resource depletion is too slow and that environmental and health problems continue to grow more rapidly than societyââ¬â¢s ability to identify and correct them. This therefore means that we cannot afford to compound these problems by allowing more untested products or processes to be started when we already have a backlog of issues to solve. Kriebel and Tickner (2001) concur with this argument when they state that the precautionary principle helps us to avoid creating new problems as we solve the existing ones. By shifting the burden of proof to proponents of an idea, the precautionary principl e prevents the proponents from hurriedly investing in technologies or techniques for a ââ¬Å"quick buckâ⬠. Proponents are forced to think through all things that they may propose. This self-check mechanism is regulated from abuse by an increased stakeholder participation, which is advocated for by the precautionary principle. Question 3 In the most comprehensive, peer-reviewed and quantitative climate-health assessment to date, the World Health Organization (WHO) examined the global burden of disease already attributable to anthropogenic climate change up to the year 2000. The study found that this ââ¬Å"global warmingâ⬠could already be causing over 150,000 deaths and approximately five million ââ¬Ëdisability-adjusted life yearsââ¬â¢ (DALYs) per year through increasing incidences of diseases especially in developing countries (Patz, Campbell-Lendrum, Holloway, & Foley, 2005). This, however, does not imply that the developed states are risk-free. On the contrary, large increases in heat waves (more devastating than the 2003 Europe heatwaves) have been projected for the USA and European countries (Patz et al., 2005). On the other hand, global warming may not be all doom and gloom. According to ââ¬Å"What Are the Benefits of Global Warming?,â⬠(n.d.) global warming could increase the amount of land available by reducing the Polar Regions. This would lead to provision of more land for production of food crops, crops to be used for generating alternative fuels and land for living. Others argue that it would
Friday, January 24, 2020
Using Science to Understand God :: Science and religion
In this day, there continues to be a great deal of hostility promoted from the pulpits, the media, and visible scientists around the world in the area of science and religion. Some preachers suggest to their congregations that science is evil and opposed to morality and belief in God. Some visible scientists suggest that religion is an out-of-date mythological belief system that opposes progress and enslaves people to a lifestyle that brings them harm. The media seems to take delight in vilifying religion and promoting the inconsistencies of those who claim to be religious. Why do so many otherwise good believers in God and otherwise good believers in science get caught up in the science versus religion debate? Science is science, and religion is religion. Creationism is neither. Using bad science to back up bad literal Biblical translations is not scientific and not religious. How religious or scientific are you really when you have to use crap science (lies) to back up your religion? How religious or scientific are you really when you have to deny the facts of good science to support your religion. I don't see how changing the way you think about the Bible when science gives you a good reason to do so makes you any less or any worse of a Christian. In fact, I think it makes you a better Christian. Some scientists will tell you that discovering things about the Earth does not mean that God didn't create it. And some scientist will tell you that discovering things about the nature of the Earth does not prove that God doesnââ¬â¢t exist. A lot of religious scholars can tell you the same thing. Both will tell you that if God loves us as much as the Bible says so, then He doesn't want us to forever remain ignorant. If you find things in the Bible and read them literally to justify your refusal to use the reasoning abilities that God has so graciously provided for you (the same reasoning used in science), then you are the one going against God, not the scientists. Science is a gift from God to help us understand the world around us. Those who seek to unlock the secrets of the natural world around us through science are being led by God. Exploring our natural world to gain a greater understanding of it and to find better uses for the things around us is what God wants us to do.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
A Semiotic Approach on How Meaning Can Be Created in an Audience
A Semiotic Approach on How Meaning can Be Created In An Audience ââ¬Å"Human intellectual and social life is based on the production, use, and exchange of signsâ⬠(Danesi, 2002) As Danesi (2002) states, signs are an integral part of society; from watching television, listening to music, reading, writing or talking, we are engaged in sign based behaviour. This engagement with signs is known as the study of semiotics.Dating back to 460-377BC, with the founder of Western medical science, Hippocrates, coining the term, then known as semeiotics, he described signs consisting of three dimensions; the physical dimension, known as the signifier, the referent, or signified, and the signification (Danesi, 2002). These dimensions only have meaning when ââ¬Å"it has someone to mean toâ⬠(Williamson, 1978). In the 20th century, semiotic theory was developed by a group of semioticians, linguists, psychologists and cultural theorists, based on the saussurean-Piercean paradigm (Danesi, 2 002).First introduced to the public in the 1950ââ¬â¢s by Roland Barthes, to describe our mediated culture, semiotics is essential when creating an advertisement. Among other things, semiotics plays a significant role in engaging the intended audience- the buyer. Whether it is the elderly, teens, children, men or women, the placement of colours, text, images and other signs, play a key role in the success of the advertisement (Scott, 1994).By taking a semiotic approach, this essay will demonstrate how meaning can be created in an audience, by the analysis of two advertisements, and discussing how codes and context are central in the ââ¬Ëanchoringââ¬â¢ of meaning. First introduced by Roland Barthes (1977), the notion of anchorage, discusses the linguistic essentials that can help anchor, or constrain, how a reader interprets an image: ââ¬Å"to fix the floating chain of signifiedsâ⬠(Barthes, 1977). The advertisements chosen are from differing and contrasting magazines; the first from iconic fashion magazine Vogue and the other from a menââ¬â¢s magazine, Menââ¬â¢s Health.These differing genres have been chosen to illustrate how contexts and codes within specific social relations, groups, classes, institutions, structures and things (Thwaites, Davis and Mules, 2002) play an integral role in creating meaning (Scribd, 2012). Much of what we have come to understand about society, is learnt from the texts that are presented around us; through Hollywood blockbusters, to novels and magazines. Chandler concludes that ââ¬Å"life is thus lived through texts and framed by texts to a greater extent than we are normally aware ofâ⬠(Chandler, 2001).This means that advertisements not only refer to ââ¬Ëreal worldââ¬â¢ concepts that we deal with day to day, but they also make reference to other texts. The level of this ââ¬Ëintertextualityââ¬â¢ (Fiske, 1987) is what influences social beliefs and ideals in the world we live in. The advertiseme nt from Vogue (See ad 1) features a sepia- colour scheme, with an alluring female to the right, and a bottle of ââ¬Ëjââ¬â¢adore Diorââ¬â¢ perfume, to the left. Many signifiers are present in this advertisement; the female (Charlize Theron), is dressed in an elegant gold beaded dress, with a high beaded neckline, drawing the viewers eye to her strong jaw-line and bronzed face.Her pose is that of elegance and power, the background light shining around her slim figure. The colour of the clothing, and overall image, compliment the golden-sepia tone of the bottle of perfume on the left. Chandeliers are placed around the perfume bottle, and out of focus behind the woman. The signifieds present are; the gold dress giving an impression of the woman being a high profile member of society of, chandeliers are present in homes of the wealthy and the sepia tones represent warmth. By using a female of celebrity status, the advertisements appeal rises with the wider female audience, due t o her known status.The key connotations featured in this advertisement are; the gold coloured dress connotes wealth, elegance and popularity. The powerful and elegant stance of the woman connotes power a female will gain when wearing this fragrance. Due to her celebrity status, the audience can also feel empowered, with a ââ¬Ëcelebrityââ¬â¢ status. The sepia tones connote warmth, and invite the viewer to become involved with the advertisement. Along with the bronzed body of the woman, the French writing jââ¬â¢adore (meaning I love) adds an essence of romance, and connotes desire, and sex appeal.As the ad connotes power, it is open for both upper and lower/middle class woman to interpret. Upper class woman could strive to maintain power, whilst lower class desire to gain power, by using the product. The way the creators of the ad have placed the female in this position, in these surroundings, to represent the product, has been done deliberately to target the desired audience ; woman have a desire to feel beautiful, powerful, and sexy, therefore the creator has appropriately placed the advertisement in a womenââ¬â¢s very well known and popular fashion magazine, to gain maximum results from the targeted audience.Leiss (1990) states that ââ¬Å"at the core of advertisingââ¬â¢s purposes now is not the message itself as a communicator of meaning, but rather its relationship to the audienceâ⬠(Leiss et al. , 1990). With the development of the theory of marketing segmentation, it is logical to therefore conclude that creators of advertisements donââ¬â¢t focus on the product, but the signs and codes that connate particular meanings of positivity that are related to a certain lifestyle, culture, or social group (Scribd, 2012).The connotations pervade media representations, and symbolise psychological or social themes and situations that are familiar and understandable to the audience (Danesi, 2002), in order to successfully sell the product. The ad vertisement from the Menââ¬â¢s Health (see ad 2), is selling ââ¬ËTom Ford Perfumeââ¬â¢. This somewhat controversial ad has many key signifiers. The male figure lying on a bed is the predominant focus, followed by a female hand with red nail polish touching the maleââ¬â¢s chest. The object that is being advertised is only shown as a half.The basic colour scheme is black and white, with the exception of the red nail polish and orange cologne bottle. The signifieds present are; the male is an essential selling point of the advertisement, therefore he takes up the majority of the page. Sex appeal is what the advertiser is trying to convey, and the glimpse of a female hand can be seen as elegant and flirty. The key connotations are; the male figure as desirable and powerful- every woman would want an intimate connection with him. The red fingernails connote passion, desire, lust, and a thirst for action (Danesi, 2002).By using this cologne, the advertisement connotes that the user will become the ultimate object of desire, playing in to the male want of intimate connections with females. As the male figure has ââ¬Ësex appealââ¬â¢ the advertisement encourages the partner of a male to purchase the fragrance, so she could have a ââ¬Ësexyââ¬â¢ male partner. The orange tone of the cologne bottle connotes warmth, stimulating the senses. When producers try to convey certain meanings, audiences may or may not assign the same meanings (Littlejohn, 1996).As mentioned in the first analysis, the advertisement is open to other audiences, whilst the male cologne ad is more closed, but it is up to the reader to decide whether or not they belong to the context or not. Signs are combined in to texts, but a text has no meaning on its own (Smagorinsky, 2001). It draws value from surrounding elements and from reader association, but also from what it is not (Littlejohn, 1998). The amalgamation of these creates the context in which the text functions; if you are nââ¬â¢t a wearer of perfume or cologne, you will have no interest in what it is trying to sell you, hence the importance of context.Thwaites and colleagues (2002) mention that ââ¬Å"the social situations in which a sign is used may determine the appropriate content, type of sign and coding; signs contextual functions indicate the context in which it operates (Thwaites, Davis and Mules, 2002). Chandler explains that Stuart Hall pointed to the role of social positioning in the interpretation of mass media texts by different social groups (Chandler, 2001). Hall also suggested three hypothetical models of interpretive codes or positions for the reader of a text (Hall, 1980). But what Hall and also Chandler miss, is what happens when you donââ¬â¢t understand an advertisement at all?Because, as Griffin says; ââ¬Å"like chameleons that take on the colouration of their environment, words take on their meaning of the context in which they are usedâ⬠(Griffin, 2000). The opinion that the usefulness of semiotics decreases and is above all dependant on the skill of the interpreter is not new. Leiss (1990) argues that a key drawback for semiotics is that ââ¬Å"it is heavily dependent upon the skill of the individual analystâ⬠(Leiss, 1990). Less skilful analysts ââ¬Å"can do little more than state the obvious in a complex and often pretentious mannerâ⬠(Leiss, 1990).As Littlejohn (1996) states ââ¬Å"meanings of a message are affected by events outside the message itselfâ⬠, therefore the most successful advertisements focus on making sure the audience understands the content being conveyed (codes) and the content lays emphasis on certain meanings over others (context). In this perspective, the kind of magazine reflects how meanings are emphasised. Bignell (1997) even argues that ââ¬Å"as well as being a collection of signs, the magazine is a sign in itselfâ⬠(Bignell, 1997), the magazine is therefore a ââ¬Å"powerful ideological forceâ ⬠(McRobbie, 2000) in society.Even though some postmodernists believe that texts are endlessly polysemic (Barthes 1977, Fiske 1987), meanings are still able to be communicated. Leiss (1990) argues that ââ¬Å"for advertising to create meaning, the reader or viewer must do some ââ¬Ëworkââ¬â¢, because the meaning is not lying there on the page, one has to make an effort to grasp itâ⬠(Leiss et al, 1990). When analysing both of these advertisements, this statement is correct- the creators of the ad have given the reader ââ¬ËA and Cââ¬â¢ but the reader must fill in the blank, or as it is known in this example, B.The application of semiotics in advertising varies significantly depending on the product being sold. Common themes almost always stay the same- the sense of freedom or excitement you get from purchasing a specific car or the feeling of popularity when you drink a certain type of alcohol (Messaris, 1997). This is done by using specific images, which resonate with the intended audience. For example, if there is an advertisement for a new Jeep, images of it going through all types of terrain will be shown, or alcoholic beverages are advertised at a party scene, all to make the audience want to buy the product (Messaris, 1997).As Chandler and Bignell suggest, signs and codes can be a medium itself, and described by Leiss (1990) ââ¬Å"an ad is a mediator between creator and reader, standing at the confluence of the double symbolic process in the marketplace, where producers of goods try to attempt to construct one set of meanings, and where consumers use these meanings (along with meanings drawn from other sources) in the construction of their own lifestylesâ⬠(Leiss et al. , 1990).This is why semiotics is significant, even on a basic level, as it can show us how meanings have the ability to both construct and maintain particular social attitudes and ideals of a specific society. On a multifaceted level, the notion of intertextuality is intriguing and should be studied more widely as it exposes the many intricate ways in which contexts transfer from each other, showing how the contexts migrate from one another and portray the uncertainty of meaning. Appendix Ad 1. Ad 2. Bibliography Barthes, R. 1977, Image-Music-Text, London. Bignell, J. 1997, Media Semiotics: An Introduction, Manchester: Manchester University Press.Chandler, D (2001), ââ¬Å"Semiotics, the basicsâ⬠, Routledge. Culler, J. 1985, Saussure, London. Danesi, M. 2002, ââ¬ËAn Outline of Semiotic Theoryââ¬â¢, In Understanding Media Semiotics, London, pp 28-53. Dior, 2012, (ââ¬ËDior Advertisementââ¬â¢), Vogue Magazine, June 2012, pp. 1-2. Fiske, J. 1987, ââ¬Å"Intertextualityâ⬠in Fiske, J, Television culture, Methuen Griffin, E. 2000, Communication; a first look at communication theory, McGraw-Hill. Hall, S, 1980, Encoding/decoding, In Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (Ed. ): Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cu ltural Studies, London. Leiss, W. Kline, S. & Jhally S. , 1990, Social Communication in Advertising: Persons, Products and Images of Well-Being, 2nd Edn, London. Littlejohn, S. 1996, Theories of Human Communication, 5th Edn, Wadsworth. McRobbie, A. 1995, Feminism and Youth Culture, 2nd edition, Macmillan Press, London. Messaris, P. 1997, Visual Persuasion: The Role of Images in Advertising, Sage. Scott, M. 1994, ââ¬ËImages in Advertising: The need for a Theory of Visual Rhetoric, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 252-273. Scribd 2012, Scribd, Date Accessed 25 May 2012, http://www. scribd. om/doc/22099314/Semiotic-analysis-of-two-ads? &lang=en_us&output=json&session-id=74ea6fd65172766fface3eec2d5bfb14. Smagorinsky, P. 2001,ââ¬â¢ If meaning is constructed, what is it made from? Toward a cultural theory of readingââ¬â¢, Review of Educational Research, vol. 71, pp. 133-169. Tom Ford, 2010, (ââ¬ËTome Ford Advertisementââ¬â¢), Menââ¬â¢s Hea lth Magazine, March 2010, pp. 2. Thwaites, T. , Davis, L. & Mules, W. 2002, Introducing Cultural and Media Studies; a semiotic approach, New York. Williamson, J. 1978, Decoding Advertisements; Ideology and Meaning in Advertising, London.
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Writing Effective Communications Essay - 862 Words
Phoenix Advertising Interoffice Memorandum DATE: May 5, 2013 TO: Moe Frands, Managing Director; Sasha Larr, Planning Director; Jane Dresser, Creative Director FROM: Janet Ribble, Vice President of Human Resources SUBJECT: Roanoke Branch Update In recent months, the Roanoke branch office has been experiencing difficulties. After a change in management, the graphic artists and copywriters have made it apparent that their work is no longer being received well. Although it is not completely clear, this employee upset may be the cause of the complaints that the branch has received by four of its clients. This matter demands immediate attention, as the Roanoke branch services some of the companiesââ¬â¢ most valuable clients and thusâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In order to ensure the success of the company it is imperative that I communicate effectively and efficiently with both the salaried employees and the hourly waged staff to. I also need to verify that the managers there are using their resources to accommodate the employees during this period of work overload. In order to do this I need you to provide me with payroll statements from the Roanoke branch for the last 12 months. I also need a summary of the agency polici es and the branch policies regarding overtime and compensation/ benefits packages. I would like to see you my office by 5 pm today with all the reports. Please understand the urgency of this request and feel free to assign Regina and Howard to this project only today. I am sure Devon can handle all the responsibilities in the department today so that we can work to resolve this matter quickly. Tomorrow I will review the documents and draft a letter to the manager there, directing him on how to proceed with his staff. I will want to meet with you and Theresa briefly tomorrow morning at 10 am in the main conference room. I am positive thatShow MoreRelatedWriting Effective Communication 05002100 Essay1339 Words à |à 6 PagesPart A: Interoffice memorandum Step 1 â⬠¢ How large is the agency? How many branches does it have? Where are the branches located? Phoenix Advertising has approximately 250 employees. We have six branches in addition to our Charlotte, NC office: Salt Lake City, UT; Roanoke, VA; New York, NY; Denver, CO; Seattle, WA; San Francisco, CA. â⬠¢ Whats the companys mission? How does each branch relate to that mission? 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